I guess many of us have heard about the book “The World is flat” by Friedman. Some of us may read it already, in English or Vietnamese version. If you have not read the book yet, I will summarize it simply: the book is about globalization. The author first listed 10 events that have made the world flatter and he emphasized on the impact of IT, information technology, the Internet. When he mentioned the word “flat”, he meant “level”. He meant that the poor would catch up with the rich through the advent of the Internet. Inequality will soon disappear. The book was first released in 2005. It has been half a decade since that time. Let’s have a look to see whether Friedman is right. Is the world now flatter? and does the flat world benefit the poor countries?
What has happened in the world in 6 years since the release of “The World is flat”? War? Terrorism? Disasters? Facebook? Or China’s uprising? Nowadays, it is impossible to read a newspaper which does not mention China in one of its columns. China, along with India, Brazil, Russia, known as BRICs, has become a new power in the world economy. China has replaced Japan to be the second biggest market in the world [the biggest, of course, is US]. As predicted by many experts from WB to IMF, sooner or later, China and India will be the top economies. It seems that the world is becoming flat, like Friedman told us.
It’s true that China is rising quite impressively. But what is the key to the China’s uprising? Technology? Globalization? In fact, most of China’s success comes from export. And what does China export? Absolutely not something deep in technology. China success results from a low currency policy, big population, abusing natural resources, … It has little to do with the Internet.
But China was not the country that Friedman focused on in the book. It is India which is benefiting from the outsourcing. Friedman warned American that people from India are stealing their jobs due to outsourcing. Yeah. He was right. Outsourcing is giving Indians jobs. He just forgot that American is also a winner in outsourcing. Without outsourcing, many American companies will go bankruptcy. It means many American will lose their jobs. Thanks to outsourcing, the companies can expand the production, which means more jobs for the American. Another benefit for Americans from outsourcing is that now they have Indian people do the low-paid, boring part of the job. Now they can focus on something much more complex and well-paid. Poor Indians will have to spend all their time answering phone calls from America. What Indians gain from this progress is a better English accent, some knowledge about America and a salary big enough for them to live in India. For the American, they have more time and resources to invent something new, and then use those inventions to increase the gap between them and the rest of the world. Flat world.
If globalization and the flat world are doing us some good, why are there still wars, terrorism? In The World is Flat, Mr Friedman ditches McDonalds in favour of another lemon, the Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention: "No two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain, like Dell's, will ever fight a war against each other so long as they are both part of the same global supply chain”. Oh, really?
And why does inequality become such a hot debate today? From developed countries such as US, UK to developing countries like the BRICs, we are handling with inequality and its bad impacts on the society.
The answer is that after many years from the book's release, the world is not getting flatter.
There are 2 things before globalization:
Countries with its rich and poor people.
The world with rich and poor countries.
If Friedman is right about globalization, there should be 1 thing:
Rich and poor people.
Many indicators of global integration are surprisingly low.
Only 2% of students are at universities outside their home countries.
Only 3% of people live outside their country of birth.
Only 7% of rice is traded across borders.
Only 7% of directors of S&P 500 companies are foreigners.
Two otherwise identical countries will engage in 42% more trade if they share a common language than if they do not, 47% more if both belong to a trading block, 114% more if they have a common currency and 188% more if they have a common colonial past.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) accounts for only 9% of all fixed investment.
Less than 20% of internet traffic crosses national borders.
Today the world spends $88 billion a year on processing travel documents and in a tenth of the world’s countries a passport costs more than a tenth of the average annual income.
Friedman believed that with the help of the Internet, the poor countries would soon catch up with the rich ones. His main point was that technology has destroyed the distance and brought people together, nearer. Surely, technology, especially the Internet, has somewhat cleared the distance between us. We can sit at home and connect with the world. But it does not guarantee for a flatter world. Now countries, people with a better facility of technology can make use of their advantage to increase the gap with the rest. And developing will have to buy these inventions. Or if they do not buy, they still depend greatly on it. In only 5 years, Facebook now has an asset of more than 60 billion dollars though it is completely free. 10 years from the beginning of a new century, the world witness one of the most miraculous growths in business: Google. Apple stuns the world with their innovative products. Microsoft still dominates the software market. Intel and AMD are holding the biggest shares of the hardware pie. Sony is still doing well. There are still IBM, HP, … Where is the giant from China and India, or other developing countries? It has been over 3 decades since the first appearance of the Internet, and now the world’s order remains the same. The world after the invention of the Internet now has more giants coming from the technology field. The world may be flat somewhere, but not in the technology region. and technology does not help flatten the world.
Nearly 100 years ago, Henry Ford believed that cars and planes were “binding the world together”. The same thing happened when the printer, fax machine, telephone first appeared. But the world has not become flatter due to those inventions, but vice versa. The world may get closer to each other, but hardly flatter.
As long as we follow Capitalism, there will still be inequality. The world will remain round. Remember the previous times when some of us tried to flatten the world? Karl Marx with the USSR and China. Adolf Hitler with the second world war. One of the most important discover of Darwin can be summarized shortly: “The fittest survive”. If we try to flatten the world, try to equalize everyone, we are going against the stream of evolution.
Sorry Friedman, the world is not flat. And I do not love the flat world.
April, 2011.
Special thank to Mr Ghemawat
Kz